{"id":147,"date":"2025-06-05T19:04:44","date_gmt":"2025-06-05T17:04:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/waytex.webclass.cz\/?p=147"},"modified":"2025-06-18T15:24:19","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T13:24:19","slug":"balicek-multicol-pro-vicesloupcovy-text","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/waytex.webclass.cz\/?p=147","title":{"rendered":"Form\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed a struktura textu v LaTeXu: Fonty, nadpisy a rozvr\u017een\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na form\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed a strukturu textu v LaTeXu. Probereme nastaven\u00ed velikosti a stylu font\u016f, hierarchii nadpis\u016f, automatickou zm\u011bnu velikosti p\u00edsma, a p\u0159\u00edkazy pro \u00fapravu odsazen\u00ed a mezer mezi odstavci. Dozv\u00edte se, jak vytvo\u0159it p\u0159ehledn\u00e9 a profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed dokumenty v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Velikost a styl font\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>LaTeX umo\u017e\u0148uje nastavit velikost p\u00edsma p\u0159\u00edmo v p\u0159\u00edkazu <code>\\documentclass<\/code>, nap\u0159. <code>\\documentclass[10pt]{article}<\/code> nastav\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed velikost 10 bod\u016f. B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 velikosti jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>10pt: Standardn\u00ed velikost, vhodn\u00e1 pro v\u011bt\u0161inu dokument\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>11pt: O n\u011bco v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, pro lep\u0161\u00ed \u010ditelnost.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>12pt: V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsmo, \u010dasto pro prezentace nebo \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e s hor\u0161\u00edm zrakem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro men\u0161\u00ed velikosti, jako je 7pt, pou\u017eijte bal\u00ed\u010dek extarticle, kter\u00fd roz\u0161i\u0159uje mo\u017enosti. Nap\u0159. <code>\\documentclass[7pt]{extarticle}<\/code>. Tento bal\u00ed\u010dek podporuje velikosti 7pt, 8pt, 9pt, 10pt, 11pt, 12pt, 14pt, 17pt a 20pt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b velikosti m\u016f\u017eete zm\u011bnit styl p\u00edsma pomoc\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dku fontspec (pro XeLaTeX) nebo p\u0159eddefinovan\u00fdch font\u016f pro PDFLaTeX. T\u0159i obl\u00edben\u00e9 fonty:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Computer Modern<\/strong>: V\u00fdchoz\u00ed font LaTeXu, aktivuje se automaticky bez dal\u0161\u00edch bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Times<\/strong>: Podobn\u00fd Times New Roman, aktivujte p\u0159\u00edkazem <code>\\usepackage{mathptmx}<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Palatino<\/strong>: Elegantn\u00ed font, aktivujte p\u0159\u00edkazem <code>\\usepackage{mathpazo}<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hierarchie nadpis\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>LaTeX nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazy pro strukturov\u00e1n\u00ed dokumentu pomoc\u00ed nadpis\u016f, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed podle t\u0159\u00eddy dokumentu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00ed\u017ee je tabulka s p\u0159\u00edkazy a jejich pou\u017eit\u00edm:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>P\u0159\u00edkaz<\/th><th>\u00darove\u0148<\/th><th>Pou\u017eit\u00ed v t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch dokumentu<\/th><th>Popis<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>\\part<\/code><\/td><td>-1<\/td><td><code>article, report, book<\/code><\/td><td>Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148, \u010dasto bez \u010d\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed, pro velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti dokumentu.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\chapter<\/code><\/td><td>0<\/td><td><code>report, book<\/code><\/td><td>Hlavn\u00ed kapitoly, \u010d\u00edslovan\u00e9, vhodn\u00e9 pro dlouh\u00e9 dokumenty.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\section<\/code><\/td><td>1<\/td><td><code>article, report, book<\/code><\/td><td>Hlavn\u00ed sekce, \u010d\u00edslovan\u00e9 (nap\u0159. 1, 2).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\subsection<\/code><\/td><td>2<\/td><td><code>article, report, book<\/code><\/td><td>Podsekce (nap\u0159. 1.1, 1.2).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\subsubsection<\/code><\/td><td>3<\/td><td><code>article, report, book<\/code><\/td><td>Podpodsekce (nap\u0159. 1.1.1).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\paragraph<\/code><\/td><td>4<\/td><td><code>article, report, book<\/code><\/td><td>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148, \u010dasto bez \u010d\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed. (Text za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 hned za n\u00e1zvem a ne na dal\u0161\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dku.)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\subparagraph<\/code><\/td><td>5<\/td><td><code>article, report, book<\/code><\/td><td>Nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148, obvykle ne\u010d\u00edslovan\u00e1. (Text za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 hned za n\u00e1zvem a ne na dal\u0161\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dku.)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Automatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna velikosti p\u00edsma<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>LaTeX nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazy pro zm\u011bnu velikosti p\u00edsma relativn\u011b k z\u00e1kladn\u00ed velikosti (nap\u0159. 10pt nebo 12pt). Tyto p\u0159\u00edkazy zahrnuj\u00ed <code>\\tiny<\/code> a\u017e <code>\\Huge<\/code>. Pro dal\u0161\u00ed velikosti pou\u017eijte bal\u00ed\u010dek <code>moresize<\/code>, kter\u00fd p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 nap\u0159. <code>\\HUGE<\/code> a <code>\\ssmall<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00ed\u017ee je tabulka s velikostmi p\u00edsma podle z\u00e1kladn\u00ed velikosti:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>P\u0159\u00edkaz<\/th><th>Velikost p\u0159i 10pt<\/th><th>Velikost p\u0159i 12pt<\/th><th>Popis<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>\\tiny<\/code><\/td><td>5pt<\/td><td>6pt<\/td><td>Nejmen\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsmo, vhodn\u00e9 pro pozn\u00e1mky.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\scriptsize<\/code><\/td><td>7pt<\/td><td>8pt<\/td><td>Velmi mal\u00e9, pro drobn\u00fd text.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\footnotesize<\/code><\/td><td>8pt<\/td><td>9pt<\/td><td>Men\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsmo, nap\u0159. pro pozn\u00e1mky pod \u010darou.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\small<\/code><\/td><td>9pt<\/td><td>10pt<\/td><td>O n\u011bco men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e norm\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\normalsize<\/code><\/td><td>10pt<\/td><td>12pt<\/td><td>V\u00fdchoz\u00ed velikost dokumentu.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\large<\/code><\/td><td>12pt<\/td><td>14pt<\/td><td>V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsmo, nap\u0159. pro podnadpisy.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\Large<\/code><\/td><td>14pt<\/td><td>17pt<\/td><td>Je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, nap\u0159. pro nadpisy.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\LARGE<\/code><\/td><td>17pt<\/td><td>20pt<\/td><td>Velk\u00e9 p\u00edsmo, pro v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 nadpisy.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\huge<\/code><\/td><td>20pt<\/td><td>25pt<\/td><td>Velmi velk\u00e9, nap\u0159. pro titulky.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\Huge<\/code><\/td><td>25pt<\/td><td>25pt<\/td><td>Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed velikost.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\HUGE*<\/code><\/td><td>30pt<\/td><td>30pt<\/td><td>Extra velk\u00e9 (vy\u017eaduje <code>moresize<\/code>).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>\\ssmall*<\/code><\/td><td>8.5pt<\/td><td>9.5pt<\/td><td>Mezi <code>\\footnotesize<\/code> a <code>\\small<\/code> (vy\u017eaduje <code>moresize<\/code>).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odsazen\u00ed textu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>LaTeX standardn\u011b odsazuje prvn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dek odstavce a nep\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 mezery mezi odstavce. Tento styl m\u016f\u017eete upravit pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f <code>\\setlength{\\parindent}{velikost}<\/code> pro odsazen\u00ed a <code>\\setlength{\\parskip}{velikost}<\/code> pro meziodstavcovou mezeru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dv\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 konfigurace:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bez odsazen\u00ed, mezera 1em<\/strong>: Nastavte <code>\\setlength{\\parindent}{0pt}<\/code> a <code>\\setlength{\\parskip}{1em}<\/code>. Odstavce nebudou odsazeny, ale budou odd\u011bleny mezerou 1em (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka p\u00edsmene \u201em\u201c).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Odsazen\u00ed 1em, bez mezery<\/strong>: Nastavte <code>\\setlength{\\parindent}{1em}<\/code> a <code>\\setlength{\\parskip}{0pt}<\/code>. Prvn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dek ka\u017ed\u00e9ho odstavce bude odsazen o 1em, ale odstavce budou bez mezery.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad: <code>\\setlength{\\parindent}{0pt} \\setlength{\\parskip}{1em}<\/code> vytvo\u0159\u00ed modern\u00ed vzhled s mezerami mezi odstavci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daj\u00ed se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b kombinovat ob\u011b nastaven\u00ed, ale nem\u00edt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 odsazen\u00ed z textu ud\u011bl\u00e1 jeden nep\u0159ehledn\u00fd blok a naopak m\u00edt oba druhy odsazen\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 zbyte\u010dn\u011b p\u0159epl\u00e1can\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zarovn\u00e1n\u00ed textu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>LaTeX umo\u017e\u0148uje m\u011bnit zarovn\u00e1n\u00ed textu pomoc\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>\\begin{flushleft} \u2026 \\end{flushleft}<\/code>: Zarovn\u00e1 text doleva.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\\begin{flushright} \u2026 \\end{flushright}<\/code>: Zarovn\u00e1 text doprava.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\\begin{center} \u2026 \\end{center}<\/code>: Vycentruje text.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/strong>: <code>\\begin{center} Ahoj, sv\u011bte! \\end{center}<\/code> vycentruje text \u201eAhoj, sv\u011bte!\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uk\u00e1zkov\u00fd LaTeX k\u00f3d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\\documentclass&#91;a4paper,10pt]{article}\n\\usepackage&#91;czech]{babel}\n\\usepackage&#91;utf8]{inputenc}\n\\usepackage&#91;T1]{fontenc}\n\\usepackage{mathpazo}\n\\usepackage{moresize}\n\n\\setlength{\\parindent}{0pt}\n\\setlength{\\parskip}{1em}\n\n\\begin{document}\n\n\\part{Prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st}\n\\section{\u00davod}\nTento dokument pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 font Palatino a velikost 10pt.\n\n\\begin{center}\nVycentrovan\u00fd text pomoc\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed center.\n\\end{center}\n\n\\begin{flushright}\nText zarovnan\u00fd doprava pomoc\u00ed flushright.\n\\end{flushright}\n\n\\begin{flushleft}\nText zarovnan\u00fd doleva pomoc\u00ed flushleft.\n\\end{flushleft}\n\n\\subsection{Podsekce}\n{\\large Tento text je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u00edky p\u0159\u00edkazu \\large.} \\\n{\\Huge Tento text je obrovsk\u00fd d\u00edky \\Huge z bal\u00ed\u010dku moresize.}\n\n\\end{document}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tipy a dal\u0161\u00ed kroky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee kompilujete pomoc\u00ed PDFLaTeX a soubory jsou v UTF-8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Experimentujte s fonty, nap\u0159. <code>\\usepackage{bookman}<\/code> pro font Bookman.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pro pokro\u010dil\u00e9 form\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed nadpis\u016f pou\u017eijte bal\u00ed\u010dek <code>titlesec<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si dokumentaci na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.overleaf.com\/learn\">Overleaf<\/a> nebo Wikiknihy (LaTeX\/Fonts) pro dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>S t\u011bmito n\u00e1stroji vytvo\u0159\u00edte p\u0159ehledn\u00e9 a profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed dokumenty. Hodn\u011b \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed s LaTeXem!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na form\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed a strukturu textu v LaTeXu. Probereme nastaven\u00ed velikosti a stylu font\u016f, hierarchii nadpis\u016f, automatickou zm\u011bnu velikosti p\u00edsma, a p\u0159\u00edkazy pro \u00fapravu odsazen\u00ed a mezer mezi odstavci. Dozv\u00edte se, jak vytvo\u0159it p\u0159ehledn\u00e9 a profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed dokumenty v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b. Velikost a styl font\u016f LaTeX umo\u017e\u0148uje nastavit velikost p\u00edsma p\u0159\u00edmo v p\u0159\u00edkazu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-firststeps"],"featured_image_src":null,"author_info":{"display_name":"ScamanderWayne","author_link":"https:\/\/waytex.webclass.cz\/?author=1"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/waytex.webclass.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/147","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/waytex.webclass.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/waytex.webclass.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/waytex.webclass.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/waytex.webclass.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=147"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/waytex.webclass.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/147\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":372,"href":"https:\/\/waytex.webclass.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/147\/revisions\/372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/waytex.webclass.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/waytex.webclass.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/waytex.webclass.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}